Which of the following is typical of software licensing in the cloud?
A.Per socket
B.Perpetual
C.Subscription-basedCorrect
D.Site-based
Explanation
Cloud software is normally licensed as a subscription: the customer pays a recurring fee per user, per month or by consumption for as long as the service is used. Perpetual licenses are bought once and owned indefinitely, which is typical of on-premises software. Per-socket and site-based licensing tie the license to physical hardware or a physical location, which does not fit shared, elastic cloud resources.
A server administrator wants to run a performance monitor for optimal system utilization. Which of the following metrics can the administrator use for monitoring? (Choose two.)
A.MemoryCorrect
B.Page file
C.Services
D.Application
E.CPUCorrect
F.Heartbeat
Explanation
System utilization is measured with core resource metrics, and CPU and memory usage are the primary ones a performance monitor tracks to see whether a server is under- or over-utilized. Services and applications are things that run on the server, not utilization metrics in themselves. A heartbeat only shows whether a node is alive, and the page file is a component whose usage is a secondary memory indicator rather than a core utilization metric.
After configuring IP networking on a newly commissioned server, a server administrator installs a straight-through network cable from the patch panel to the switch. The administrator then returns to the server to test network connectivity using the ping command. The partial output of the ping and ipconfig commands is displayed below:
```
ipconfig/all
IPv4 address: 192.168.1.5
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: Request timed out
Reply from 192.168.1.2: Request timed out
Reply from 192.168.1.2: Request timed out
Reply from 192.168.1.2: Request timed out
```
The administrator returns to the switch and notices an amber link light on the port where the server is connected. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the lack of network connectivity?
A.Network port security
B.An improper VLAN configuration
C.A misconfigured DHCP server
D.A misconfigured NIC on the serverCorrect
Explanation
The IP settings are valid and on the same subnet as the gateway, yet nothing gets through, and the switch port shows an amber link light. An amber light indicates a physical or link-layer problem such as a speed or duplex mismatch, which points to the server's NIC settings rather than addressing. A DHCP problem is ruled out because the address was configured manually and is valid, and a VLAN mismatch or port security would not normally cause an amber link indicator on a cleanly negotiated link.
A user cannot save large files to a directory on a Linux server that was accepting smaller files a few minutes ago. Which of the following commands should a technician use to identify the issue?
A.pvdisplay
B.mount
C.df -hCorrect
D.fdisk -l
Explanation
Small files still save but large ones fail, so the file system holding the directory is most likely running out of free space. The df -h command shows used and available space for each mounted file system in human-readable units. pvdisplay shows LVM physical volume details, mount lists mount points and options, and fdisk -l lists partition tables, so none of them directly shows how much free space is left.
Following a recent power outage, a server in the datacenter has been constantly going offline and losing its configuration. Users have been experiencing access issues while using the application on the server. The server technician notices the date and time are incorrect when the server is online. All other servers are working. Which of the following would MOST likely cause this issue? (Choose two.)
A.The server has a faulty power supplyCorrect
B.The server has a CMOS battery failureCorrect
C.The server requires OS updates
D.The server has a malfunctioning LED panel
E.The servers do not have NTP configured
F.The time synchronization service is disabled on the servers
Explanation
A power supply damaged by the outage explains why this one server keeps going offline. A failed CMOS battery explains why it loses its firmware configuration and its date and time each time it loses power. NTP or time-service problems would affect all servers and would not make the server go offline or lose its configuration, and OS updates or the LED panel do not explain these symptoms.
A company has implemented a requirement to encrypt all the hard drives on its servers as part of a data loss prevention strategy. Which of the following should the company also perform as a data loss prevention method?
A.Encrypt all network traffic
B.Implement MFA on all the servers with encrypted dataCorrect
C.Block the servers from using an encrypted USB
D.Implement port security on the switches
Explanation
Disk encryption protects data only while the drives are offline or stolen. Once a server is running and a user signs in, the data is readable, so strong authentication such as MFA is needed to stop unauthorized people from reaching and taking that data. Encrypting network traffic protects data in transit but does not control who can access it, blocking encrypted USB drives would push users toward unencrypted ones, and switch port security limits which devices connect rather than who reaches the data.
A systems administrator is setting up a server on a LAN that uses an address space that follows the RFC 1918 standard. Which of the following IP addresses should the administrator use to be in compliance with the standard?
A.11.251.196.241
B.171.245.198.241
C.172.16.19.241Correct
D.193.168.145.241
Explanation
RFC 1918 reserves three private ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 (172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255) and 192.168.0.0/16. Only 172.16.19.241 falls inside one of them. The other addresses resemble private ranges (11 instead of 10, 171 instead of 172, 193 instead of 192) but are public addresses.
An administrator needs to perform bare-metal maintenance on a server in a remote datacenter. Which of the following should the administrator use to access the server's console?
A.IP KVMCorrect
B.VNC
C.A crash cart
D.RDP
E.SSH
Explanation
An IP KVM gives remote keyboard, video and mouse access to the physical console over the network, independent of the operating system, so it works for BIOS and bare-metal tasks. VNC, RDP and SSH all depend on a running operating system and network stack on the server. A crash cart also gives console access, but it has to be wheeled up to the server, which does not suit a remote datacenter.
A technician needs to provide a VM with high availability. Which of the following actions should the technician take to complete this task as efficiently as possible?
A.Take a snapshot of the original VM
B.Clone the original VMCorrect
C.Convert the original VM to use dynamic disks
D.Perform a P2V of the original VM
Explanation
Cloning creates a complete, independent copy of the running VM that can be placed on another host and used as a second instance behind a cluster or load balancer, which is the quickest way to provide redundancy for the workload. A snapshot is a point-in-time state of the same VM on the same storage and gives no second running instance. Converting to dynamic disks only changes how storage is allocated, and a P2V conversion applies to physical servers, not to a machine that is already virtual.
A server administrator receives a report that Ann, a new user, is unable to save a file to her home directory on a server. The administrator checks Ann's home directory permissions and discovers the following: dr-xr-xr-- /home/Ann
Which of the following commands should the administrator use to resolve the issue without granting unnecessary permissions?
A.chmod 777 /home/Ann
B.chmod 666 /home/Ann
C.chmod 711 /home/Ann
D.chmod 754 /home/AnnCorrect
Explanation
The directory is currently r-xr-xr-- (554: read and execute for the owner and group, read only for others), so Ann as the owner cannot write. chmod 754 sets rwxr-xr--, adding only the owner's write permission and leaving the group and others exactly as they were. 777 and 666 grant write access to everyone, and 666 also removes execute so the directory could not be entered; 711 removes read access that the group and others already had and is not the minimal change.
Which of the following documents would be useful when trying to restore IT infrastructure operations after a non-planned interruption?
A.Service-level agreement
B.Disaster recovery planCorrect
C.Business impact analysis
D.Business continuity plan
Explanation
A disaster recovery plan is the written set of procedures for recovering IT systems and infrastructure after a major unplanned outage such as a hardware failure or facility loss. A business continuity plan is broader, covering how the whole business keeps operating, not the technical restoration of IT operations. A business impact analysis identifies critical functions and recovery objectives before an event, and a service-level agreement only defines the service commitments.
A systems administrator is setting up a new server that will be used as a DHCP server. The administrator installs the OS but is then unable to log on using Active Directory credentials. The administrator logs on using the local administrator account and verifies the server has the correct IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. The administrator then gets on another server and can ping the new server. Which of the following is causing the issue?
A.Port 443 is not open on the firewall
B.The server is experiencing a downstream failure
C.The local hosts file is blank
D.The server is not joined to the domainCorrect
Explanation
Active Directory sign-in works only on a computer that is a member of the domain; a freshly installed OS sits in a workgroup until it is joined, so only local accounts can log on. The addressing is correct and the server is reachable by ping, which rules out a downstream network failure. Port 443 is not used for domain authentication, and a blank hosts file is normal because name resolution uses DNS.
A systems administrator is preparing to install two servers in a single rack. The administrator is concerned that having both servers in one rack will increase the chance of power issues due to the increased load. Which of the following should the administrator implement FIRST to address the issue?
A.Separate circuitsCorrect
B.An uninterruptible power supply
C.Increased PDU capacity
D.Redundant power supplies
Explanation
Putting each server's power feed on a separate electrical circuit spreads the load so a single circuit is not overloaded and tripped by the combined draw, which addresses the concern at its source. A larger PDU still draws from the same circuit, so it does not reduce the load on that circuit. A UPS bridges outages but does not prevent an overloaded circuit, and redundant power supplies only help if they are fed from different circuits in the first place.
Which of the following is a method that is used to prevent motor vehicles from getting too close to building entrances and exits?
A.BollardsCorrect
B.Reflective glass
C.Security guards
D.Security cameras
Explanation
Bollards are short, sturdy posts installed in front of entrances, exits and storefronts to physically stop vehicles from approaching or ramming the building. Reflective glass only limits visibility into the building, and security guards and cameras deter or record activity but cannot physically stop a vehicle.
A technician is installing a variety of servers in a rack. Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the technician to take while loading the rack?
A.Alternate the direction of the airflow
B.Install the heaviest server at the bottom of the rackCorrect
C.Place a UPS at the top of the rack
D.Leave 1U of space between each server
Explanation
Loading the heaviest equipment at the bottom of the rack keeps the centre of gravity low, so the rack stays stable and is far less likely to tip when servers are slid out on rails. Alternating airflow direction mixes hot and cold air and defeats hot-aisle/cold-aisle cooling. A heavy UPS belongs at the bottom, not the top, and leaving 1U gaps wastes space and can disturb airflow unless blanking panels are used.
A technician is configuring a server that requires secure remote access. Which of the following ports should the technician use?
A.21
B.22Correct
C.23
D.443
Explanation
Port 22 is used by SSH, which encrypts the remote session and is the standard secure remote-access protocol for servers. Port 21 is FTP and port 23 is Telnet, both of which send credentials in clear text. Port 443 is HTTPS, used for secure web traffic rather than remote command-line administration.
A server administrator is using remote access to update a server. The administrator notices numerous error messages when using YUM to update the applications on a server. Which of the following should the administrator check FIRST?
A.Network connectivity on the server
B.LVM status on the server
C.Disk space in the /var directoryCorrect
D.YUM dependencies
Explanation
YUM downloads repository metadata and packages into its cache under /var (/var/cache/yum or /var/cache/dnf) and records its database and logs there too, so a full /var file system produces many errors during an update and is the quickest thing to rule out. Network connectivity is clearly working because the administrator is connected remotely. Dependency problems produce specific resolution messages for particular packages rather than many errors across the update, and LVM status is unrelated unless storage itself is failing.
Which of the following is an example of load balancing?
A.Round robinCorrect
B.Active-active
C.Active-passive
D.Failover
Explanation
Round robin is a load-balancing method: the balancer hands each new request to the next server in the pool in turn, spreading the load evenly. Active-active and active-passive describe how clustered nodes are arranged for availability, and failover is the act of moving service to a standby node after a failure. Active-active clusters can share load, but the term describes the cluster design, not a load-balancing algorithm.
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate scripting language to use for a logon script for a Linux box?
A.VBS
B.ShellCorrect
C.Java
D.PowerShell
E.Batch
Explanation
Linux logon scripts, such as ~/.bash_profile or files in /etc/profile.d, are shell scripts that the login shell runs natively. VBScript and Batch work only on Windows, Java is a compiled language rather than a logon scripting language, and PowerShell is not installed on Linux by default.
Which of the following tools will analyze network logs in real time to report on suspicious log events?
A.Syslog
B.DLP
C.SIEMCorrect
D.HIPS
Explanation
A SIEM (security information and event management) system collects logs from many sources, correlates them in real time and raises alerts on suspicious events. Syslog only transports and stores log messages without analyzing them. DLP looks for sensitive data leaving the organization, and a HIPS protects a single host rather than analyzing network logs.
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