SCS-C02

A company has an AWS Lambda function that creates image thumbnails from larger images. The Lambda function needs read and write access to an Amazon S3 bucket in the same AWS account. Which solutions will provide the Lambda function this access? (Choose two.) Options: A. Create an IAM user that has only programmatic access. Create a new access key pair. Add environmental variables to the Lambda function with the access key ID and secret access key. Modify the Lambda function to use the environmental variables at run time during communication with Amazon S3. B. Generate an Amazon EC2 key pair. Store the private key in AWS Secrets Manager. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the private key from Secrets Manager and to use the private key during communication with Amazon S3. C. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach an IAM policy that allows access to the S3 bucket. D. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach a bucket policy to the S3 bucket to allow access. Specify the function's IAM role as the principal. E. Create a security group. Attach the security group to the Lambda function. Attach a bucket policy that allows access to the S3 bucket through the security group ID.

A security engineer is configuring a new website that is named example.com. The security engineer wants to secure communications with the website by requiring users to connect to example.com through HTTPS. Which of the following is a valid option for storing SSL/TLS certificates? Options: A. Custom SSL certificate that is stored in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) B. Default SSL certificate that is stored in Amazon CloudFront C. Custom SSL certificate that is stored in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) D. Default SSL certificate that is stored in Amazon S3

A security engineer needs to develop a process to investigate and respond to potential security events on a company's Amazon EC2 instances. All the EC2 instances are backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS). The company uses AWS Systems Manager to manage all the EC2 instances and has installed Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) on all the EC2 instances. The process that the security engineer is developing must comply with AWS security best practices and must meet the following requirements: A compromised EC2 instance's volatile memory and non-volatile memory must be preserved for forensic purposes. A compromised EC2 instance's metadata must be updated with corresponding incident ticket information. A compromised EC2 instance must remain online during the investigation but must be isolated to prevent the spread of malware. Any investigative activity during the collection of volatile data must be captured as part of the process. Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose three.) Options: A. Gather any relevant metadata for the compromised EC2 instance. Enable termination protection. Isolate the instance by updating the instance's security groups to restrict access. Detach the instance from any Auto Scaling groups that the instance is a member of. Deregister the instance from any Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) resources. B. Gather any relevant metadata for the compromised EC2 instance. Enable termination protection. Move the instance to an isolation subnet that denies all source and destination traffic. Associate the instance with the subnet to restrict access. Detach the instance from any Auto Scaling groups that the instance is a member of. Deregister the instance from any Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) resources. C. Use Systems Manager Run Command to invoke scripts that collect volatile data. D. Establish a Linux SSH or Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) session to the compromised EC2 instance to invoke scripts that collect volatile data. E. Create a snapshot of the compromised EC2 instance's EBS volume for follow-up investigations. Tag the instance with any relevant metadata and incident ticket information. F. Create a Systems Manager State Manager association to generate an EBS volume snapshot of the compromised EC2 instance. Tag the instance with any relevant metadata and incident ticket information.

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The company wants to use AWS CloudFormation StackSets in the organization to deploy various AWS design patterns into environments. These patterns consist of Amazon EC2 instances, Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancers, Amazon RDS databases, and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters or Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters. Currently, the company’s developers can create their own CloudFormation stacks to increase the overall speed of delivery. A centralized CI/CD pipeline in a shared services AWS account deploys each CloudFormation stack. The company's security team has already provided requirements for each service in accordance with internal standards. If there are any resources that do not comply with the internal standards, the security team must receive notification to take appropriate action. The security team must implement a notification solution that gives developers the ability to maintain the same overall delivery speed that they currently have. Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way? Options: A. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team's email addresses to the SNS topic. Create a custom AWS Lambda function that will run the aws cloudformation validate-template AWS CLI command on all CloudFormation templates before the build stage in the CI/CD pipeline. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found. B. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team's email addresses to the SNS topic. Create custom rules in CloudFormation Guard for each resource configuration. In the CI/CD pipeline, before the build stage, configure a Docker image to run the cfn-guard command on the CloudFormation template. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found. C. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Subscribe the security team's email addresses to the SNS topic. Create an Amazon S3 bucket in the shared services AWS account. Include an event notification to publish to the SQS queue when new objects are added to the S3 bucket. Require the developers to put their CloudFormation templates in the S3 bucket. Launch EC2 instances that automatically scale based on the SQS queue depth. Configure the EC2 instances to use CloudFormation Guard to scan the templates and deploy the templates if there are no issues. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found. D. Create a centralized CloudFormation stack set that includes a standard set of resources that the developers can deploy in each AWS account. Configure each CloudFormation template to meet the security requirements. For any new resources or configurations, update the CloudFormation template and send the template to the security team for review. When the review is completed, add the new CloudFormation stack to the repository for the developers to use.

A company is migrating one of its legacy systems from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application server will run on AWS, but the database must remain in the on-premises data center for compliance reasons. The database is sensitive to network latency. Additionally, the data that travels between the on-premises data center and AWS must have IPsec encryption. Which combination of AWS solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.) Options: A. AWS Site-to-Site VPN B. AWS Direct Connect C. AWS VPN CloudHub D. VPC peering E. NAT gateway

A company has an application that uses dozens of Amazon DynamoDB tables to store data. Auditors find that the tables do not comply with the company's data protection policy. The company's retention policy states that all data must be backed up twice each month: once at midnight on the 15th day of the month and again at midnight on the 25th day of the month. The company must retain the backups for 3 months. Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.) Options: A. Use the DynamoDB on-demand backup capability to create a backup plan. Configure a lifecycle policy to expire backups after 3 months. B. Use AWS DataSync to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retention period of 3 months. C. Use AWS Backup to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retention period of 3 months. D. Set the backup frequency by using a cron schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDB table to the backup plan. E. Set the backup frequency by using a rate schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDB table to the backup plan.

A company needs a security engineer to implement a scalable solution for multi-account authentication and authorization. The solution should not introduce additional user-managed architectural components. Native AWS features should be used as much as possible. The security engineer has set up AWS Organizations with all features activated and AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) enabled. Which additional steps should the security engineer take to complete the task? Options: A. Use AD Connector to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Assign AD Connector groups to AWS accounts and link to the IAM roles in accordance with the employees’ job functions and access requirements. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the AWS Directory Service user portal. B. Use an IAM Identity Center default directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Assign groups to AWS accounts and link to permission sets in accordance with the employees’ job functions and access requirements. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the IAM Identity Center user portal. C. Use an IAM Identity Center default directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Link IAM Identity Center groups to the IAM users present in all accounts to inherit existing permissions. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the IAM Identity Center user portal. D. Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Enable AWS Management Console access in the created directory and specify IAM Identity Center as a source of information for integrated accounts and permission sets. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the AWS Directory Service user portal.

A company has deployed Amazon GuardDuty and now wants to implement automation for potential threats. The company has decided to start with RDP brute force attacks that come from Amazon EC2 instances in the company's AWS environment. A security engineer needs to implement a solution that blocks the detected communication from a suspicious instance until investigation and potential remediation can occur. Which solution will meet these requirements? Options: A. Configure GuardDuty to send the event to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Process the event with an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink application that sends a notification to the company through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). Add rules to the network ACL to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance. B. Configure GuardDuty to send the event to Amazon EventBridge. Deploy an AWS WAF web ACL. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that sends a notification to the company through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) and adds a web ACL rule to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance. C. Enable AWS Security Hub to ingest GuardDuty findings and send the event to Amazon EventBridge. Deploy AWS Network Firewall. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that adds a rule to a Network Firewall firewall policy to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance. D. Enable AWS Security Hub to ingest GuardDuty findings. Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream as an event destination for Security Hub. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that replaces the security group of the suspicious instance with a security group that does not allow any connections.

A company has an AWS account that hosts a production application. The company receives an email notification that Amazon GuardDuty has detected an Impact:IAMUser/AnomalousBehavior finding in the account. A security engineer needs to run the investigation playbook for this security incident and must collect and analyze the information without affecting the application. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST quickly? Options: A. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding for details about the IAM credentials that were used. Use the IAM console to add a DenyAll policy to the IAM principal. B. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding to determine which API calls initiated the finding. Use Amazon Detective to review the API calls in context. C. Log in to the AWS account by using administrator credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding for details about the IAM credentials that were used. Use the IAM console to add a DenyAll policy to the IAM principal. D. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding to determine which API calls initiated the finding. Use AWS CloudTrail Insights and AWS CloudTrail Lake to review the API calls in context.

Company A has an AWS account that is named Account A. Company A recently acquired Company B, which has an AWS account that is named Account B. Company B stores its files in an Amazon S3 bucket. The administrators need to give a user from Account A full access to the S3 bucket in Account B. After the administrators adjust the IAM permissions for the user in Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B, the user still cannot access any files in the S3 bucket. Which solution will resolve this issue? Options: A. In Account B, create a bucket ACL to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B. B. In Account B, create an object ACL to allow the user from Account A to access all the objects in the S3 bucket in Account B. C. In Account B, create a bucket policy to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B. D. In Account B, create a user policy to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B.

A company wants to receive an email notification about critical findings in AWS Security Hub. The company does not have an existing architecture that supports this functionality. Which solution will meet the requirement? Options: A. Create an AWS Lambda function to identify critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target of the Lambda function. Subscribe an email endpoint to the SNS topic to receive published messages. B. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Integrate the delivery stream with Amazon EventBridge. Create an EventBridge rule that has a filter to detect critical Security Hub findings. Configure the delivery stream to send the findings to an email address. C. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target of the EventBridge rule. Subscribe an email endpoint to the SNS topic to receive published messages. D. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) topic as the target of the EventBridge rule. Use the Amazon SES API to format the message. Choose an email address to be the recipient of the message.

An international company has established a new business entity in South Korea. The company also has established a new AWS account to contain the workload for the South Korean region. The company has set up the workload in the new account in the ap-northeast-2 Region. The workload consists of three Auto Scaling groups of Amazon EC2 instances. All workloads that operate in this Region must keep system logs and application logs for 7 years. A security engineer must implement a solution to ensure that no logging data is lost for each instance during scaling activities. The solution also must keep the logs for only the required period of 7 years. Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.) Options: A. Ensure that the Amazon CloudWatch agent is installed on all the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling groups launch. Generate a CloudWatch agent configuration file to forward the required logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. B. Set the log retention for desired log groups to 7 years. C. Attach an IAM role to the launch configuration or launch template that the Auto Scaling groups use. Configure the role to provide the necessary permissions to forward logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. D. Attach an IAM role to the launch configuration or launch template that the Auto Scaling groups use. Configure the role to provide the necessary permissions to forward logs to Amazon S3. E. Ensure that a log forwarding application is installed on all the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling groups launch. Configure the log forwarding application to periodically bundle the logs and forward the logs to Amazon S3. F. Configure an Amazon S3 Lifecycle policy on the target S3 bucket to expire objects after 7 years.

A security engineer is designing an IAM policy to protect AWS API operations. The policy must enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for IAM users to access certain services in the AWS production account. Each session must remain valid for only 2 hours. The current version of the IAM policy is as follows: Which combination of conditions must the security engineer add to the IAM policy to meet these requirements? (Choose two.) Options: A. "Bool": {"aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent": "true"} B. "Bool": {"aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent": "false"} C. "NumericLessThan": {"aws:MultiFactorAuthAge": "7200"} D. "NumericGreaterThan": {"aws:MultiFactorAuthAge": "7200"} E. "NumericLessThan": {"MaxSessionDuration": "7200"} ```json { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:DescribeInstances", "ec2:StopInstances", "ec2:TerminateInstances" ], "Resource": ["*"] }] } ```

A company uses AWS Organizations and has production workloads across multiple AWS accounts. A security engineer needs to design a solution that will proactively monitor for suspicious behavior across all the accounts that contain production workloads. The solution must automate remediation of incidents across the production accounts. The solution also must publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when a critical security finding is detected. In addition, the solution must send all security incident logs to a dedicated account. Which solution will meet these requirements? Options: A. Activate Amazon GuardDuty in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all GuardDuty logs from each production account. Remediate incidents by configuring GuardDuty to directly invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic. B. Activate AWS Security Hub in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all Security Hub findings from each production account. Remediate incidents by using AWS Config and AWS Systems Manager. Configure Systems Manager to also publish notifications to the SNS topic. C. Activate Amazon GuardDuty in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all GuardDuty logs from each production account. Remediate incidents by using Amazon EventBridge to invoke a custom AWS Lambda function from the GuardDuty findings. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic. D. Activate AWS Security Hub in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all Security Hub findings from each production account. Remediate incidents by using Amazon EventBridge to invoke a custom AWS Lambda function from the Security Hub findings. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.

A company is designing a multi-account structure for its development teams. The company is using AWS Organizations and AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). The company must implement a solution so that the development teams can use only specific AWS Regions and so that each AWS account allows access to only specific AWS services. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? Options: A. Use IAM Identity Center to set up service-linked roles with IAM policy statements that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed. B. Deactivate AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) in Regions that the developers are not allowed to use. C. Create SCPs that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed. D. For each AWS account, create tailored identity-based policies for IAM Identity Center. Use statements that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed.

A company is developing an ecommerce application. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS MySQL database. For compliance reasons, data must be secured in transit and at rest. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead and minimizes cost. Which solution meets these requirements? Options: A. Use TLS certificates from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) with an Application Load Balancer. Deploy self-signed certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Enable encryption of the RDS DB instance. Enable encryption on the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that support the EC2 instances. B. Use TLS certificates from a third-party vendor with an Application Load Balancer. Install the same certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Secrets Manager for client-side encryption of application data. C. Use AWS CloudHSM to generate TLS certificates for the EC2 instances. Install the TLS certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use the encryption keys from CloudHSM for client-side encryption of application data. D. Use Amazon CloudFront with AWS WAF. Send HTTP connections to the origin EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for client-side encryption of application data before the data is stored in the RDS database.

A security engineer is working with a company to design an ecommerce application. The application will run on Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application will use an Amazon RDS DB instance for its database. The only required connectivity from the internet is for HTTP and HTTPS traffic to the application. The application must communicate with an external payment provider that allows traffic only from a preconfigured allow list of IP addresses. The company must ensure that communications with the external payment provider are not interrupted as the environment scales. Which combination of actions should the security engineer recommend to meet these requirements? (Choose three.) Options: A. Deploy a NAT gateway in each private subnet for every Availability Zone that is in use. B. Place the DB instance in a public subnet. C. Place the DB instance in a private subnet. D. Configure the Auto Scaling group to place the EC2 instances in a public subnet. E. Configure the Auto Scaling group to place the EC2 instances in a private subnet. F. Deploy the ALB in a private subnet.

A company uses several AWS CloudFormation stacks to handle the deployment of a suite of applications. The leader of the company's application development team notices that the stack deployments fail with permission errors when some team members try to deploy the stacks. However, other team members can deploy the stacks successfully. The team members access the account by assuming a role that has a specific set of permissions that are necessary for the job responsibilities of the team members. All team members have permissions to perform operations on the stacks. Which combination of steps will ensure consistent deployment of the stacks MOST securely? (Choose three.) Options: A. Create a service role that has a composite principal that contains each service that needs the necessary permissions. Configure the role to allow the sts:AssumeRole action. B. Create a service role that has cloudformation.amazonaws.com as the service principal. Configure the role to allow the sts:AssumeRole action. C. For each required set of permissions, add a separate policy to the role to allow those permissions. Add the ARN of each CloudFormation stack in the resource field of each policy. D. For each required set of permissions, add a separate policy to the role to allow those permissions. Add the ARN of each service that needs the permissions in the resource field of the corresponding policy. E. Update each stack to use the service role.F Add a policy to each member role to allow the iam:PassRole action. Set the policy's resource field to the ARN of the service role.

A company used a lift-and-shift approach to migrate from its on-premises data centers to the AWS Cloud. The company migrated on-premises VMs to Amazon EC2 instances. Now the company wants to replace some of components that are running on the EC2 instances with managed AWS services that provide similar functionality. Initially, the company will transition from load balancer software that runs on EC2 instances to AWS Elastic Load Balancers. A security engineer must ensure that after this transition, all the load balancer logs are centralized and searchable for auditing. The security engineer must also ensure that metrics are generated to show which ciphers are in use. Which solution will meet these requirements? Options: A. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the log group. Use the CloudWatch Logs console to search the logs. Create CloudWatch Logs filters on the logs for the required metrics. B. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to search the logs that are in the S3 bucket. Create Amazon CloudWatch filters on the S3 log files for the required metrics. C. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to search the logs that are in the S3 bucket. Create Athena queries for the required metrics. Publish the metrics to Amazon CloudWatch. D. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the log group. Use the AWS Management Console to search the logs. Create Amazon Athena queries for the required metrics. Publish the metrics to Amazon CloudWatch.

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage a multi-account AWS environment in a single AWS Region. The organization's management account is named management-01. The company has turned on AWS Config in all accounts in the organization. The company has designated an account named security-01 as the delegated administrator for AWS Config. All accounts report the compliance status of each account's rules to the AWS Config delegated administrator account by using an AWS Config aggregator. Each account administrator can configure and manage the account's own AWS Config rules to handle each account's unique compliance requirements. A security engineer needs to implement a solution to automatically deploy a set of 10 AWS Config rules to all existing and future AWS accounts in the organization. The solution must turn on AWS Config automatically during account creation. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.) Options: A. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains the 10 required AWS Config rules. Deploy the template by using CloudFormation StackSets in the security-01 account. B. Create a conformance pack that contains the 10 required AWS Config rules. Deploy the conformance pack from the security-01 account. C. Create a conformance pack that contains the 10 required AWS Config rules. Deploy the conformance pack from the management-01 account. D. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that will activate AWS Config. Deploy the template by using CloudFormation StackSets in the security-01 account. E. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that will activate AWS Config. Deploy the template by using CloudFormation StackSets in the management-01 account.