DVA-C02

A company is implementing an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application needs to process incoming transactions. When the application detects a transaction that is not valid, the application must send a chat message to the company's support team. To send the message, the application needs to retrieve the access token to authenticate by using the chat API. A developer needs to implement a solution to store the access token. The access token must be encrypted at rest and in transit. The access token must also be accessible from other AWS accounts. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead? Options: A. Use an AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store SecureString parameter that uses an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key to store the access token. Add a resource-based policy to the parameter to allow access from other accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access Parameter Store. Retrieve the token from Parameter Store with the decrypt flag enabled. Use the decrypted access token to send the message to the chat. B. Encrypt the access token by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Store the access token in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access DynamoDB and AWS KMS. Retrieve the token from DynamoDDecrypt the token by using AWS KMS on the EC2 instances. Use the decrypted access token to send the message to the chat. C. Use AWS Secrets Manager with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to store the access token. Add a resource-based policy to the secret to allow access from other accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access Secrets Manager. Retrieve the token from Secrets Manager. Use the decrypted access token to send the message to the chat. D. Encrypt the access token by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key. Store the access token in an Amazon S3 bucket. Add a bucket policy to the S3 bucket to allow access from other accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access Amazon S3 and AWS KMS. Retrieve the token from the S3 bucket. Decrypt the token by using AWS KMS on the EC2 instances. Use the decrypted access token to send the massage to the chat.

A company is running Amazon EC2 instances in multiple AWS accounts. A developer needs to implement an application that collects all the lifecycle events of the EC2 instances. The application needs to store the lifecycle events in a single Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in the company's main AWS account for further processing. Which solution will meet these requirements? Options: A. Configure Amazon EC2 to deliver the EC2 instance lifecycle events from all accounts to the Amazon EventBridge event bus of the main account. Add an EventBridge rule to the event bus of the main account that matches all EC2 instance lifecycle events. Add the SQS queue as a target of the rule. B. Use the resource policies of the SQS queue in the main account to give each account permissions to write to that SQS queue. Add to the Amazon EventBridge event bus of each account an EventBridge rule that matches all EC2 instance lifecycle events. Add the SQS queue in the main account as a target of the rule. C. Write an AWS Lambda function that scans through all EC2 instances in the company accounts to detect EC2 instance lifecycle changes. Configure the Lambda function to write a notification message to the SQS queue in the main account if the function detects an EC2 instance lifecycle change. Add an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Lambda function every minute. D. Configure the permissions on the main account event bus to receive events from all accounts. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to send all the EC2 instance lifecycle events to the main account event bus. Add an EventBridge rule to the main account event bus that matches all EC2 instance lifecycle events. Set the SQS queue as a target for the rule.

An application is using Amazon Cognito user pools and identity pools for secure access. A developer wants to integrate the user-specific file upload and download features in the application with Amazon S3. The developer must ensure that the files are saved and retrieved in a secure manner and that users can access only their own files. The file sizes range from 3 KB to 300 MB. Which option will meet these requirements with the HIGHEST level of security? Options: A. Use S3 Event Notifications to validate the file upload and download requests and update the user interface (UI). B. Save the details of the uploaded files in a separate Amazon DynamoDB table. Filter the list of files in the user interface (UI) by comparing the current user ID with the user ID associated with the file in the table. C. Use Amazon API Gateway and an AWS Lambda function to upload and download files. Validate each request in the Lambda function before performing the requested operation. D. Use an IAM policy within the Amazon Cognito identity prefix to restrict users to use their own folders in Amazon S3.

A company is building a scalable data management solution by using AWS services to improve the speed and agility of development. The solution will ingest large volumes of data from various sources and will process this data through multiple business rules and transformations. The solution requires business rules to run in sequence and to handle reprocessing of data if errors occur when the business rules run. The company needs the solution to be scalable and to require the least possible maintenance. Which AWS service should the company use to manage and automate the orchestration of the data flows to meet these requirements? Options: A. AWS Batch B. AWS Step Functions C. AWS Glue D. AWS Lambda

A developer has created an AWS Lambda function that is written in Python. The Lambda function reads data from objects in Amazon S3 and writes data to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The function is successfully invoked from an S3 event notification when an object is created. However, the function fails when it attempts to write to the DynamoDB table. What is the MOST likely cause of this issue? Options: A. The Lambda function's concurrency limit has been exceeded. B. DynamoDB table requires a global secondary index (GSI) to support writes. C. The Lambda function does not have IAM permissions to write to DynamoDB. D. The DynamoDB table is not running in the same Availability Zone as the Lambda function.

A developer is creating an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy Amazon EC2 instances across multiple AWS accounts. The developer must choose the EC2 instances from a list of approved instance types. How can the developer incorporate the list of approved instance types in the CloudFormation template? Options: A. Create a separate CloudFormation template for each EC2 instance type in the list. B. In the Resources section of the CloudFormation template, create resources for each EC2 instance type in the list. C. In the CloudFormation template, create a separate parameter for each EC2 instance type in the list. D. In the CloudFormation template, create a parameter with the list of EC2 instance types as AllowedValues.

A developer has an application that makes batch requests directly to Amazon DynamoDB by using the BatchGetItem low-level API operation. The responses frequently return values in the UnprocessedKeys element. Which actions should the developer take to increase the resiliency of the application when the batch response includes values in UnprocessedKeys? (Choose two.) Options: A. Retry the batch operation immediately. B. Retry the batch operation with exponential backoff and randomized delay. C. Update the application to use an AWS software development kit (AWS SDK) to make the requests. D. Increase the provisioned read capacity of the DynamoDB tables that the operation accesses. E. Increase the provisioned write capacity of the DynamoDB tables that the operation accesses.

A company is running a custom application on a set of on-premises Linux servers that are accessed using Amazon API Gateway. AWS X-Ray tracing has been enabled on the API test stage. How can a developer enable X-Ray tracing on the on-premises servers with the LEAST amount of configuration? Options: A. Install and run the X-Ray SDK on the on-premises servers to capture and relay the data to the X-Ray service. B. Install and run the X-Ray daemon on the on-premises servers to capture and relay the data to the X-Ray service. C. Capture incoming requests on-premises and configure an AWS Lambda function to pull, process, and relay relevant data to X-Ray using the PutTraceSegments API call. D. Capture incoming requests on-premises and configure an AWS Lambda function to pull, process, and relay relevant data to X-Ray using the PutTelemetryRecords API call.

A company wants to share information with a third party. The third party has an HTTP API endpoint that the company can use to share the information. The company has the required API key to access the HTTP API. The company needs a way to manage the API key by using code. The integration of the API key with the application code cannot affect application performance. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST securely? Options: A. Store the API credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Retrieve the API credentials at runtime by using the AWS SDK. Use the credentials to make the API call. B. Store the API credentials in a local code variable. Push the code to a secure Git repository. Use the local code variable at runtime to make the API call. C. Store the API credentials as an object in a private Amazon S3 bucket. Restrict access to the S3 object by using IAM policies. Retrieve the API credentials at runtime by using the AWS SDK. Use the credentials to make the API call. D. Store the API credentials in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Restrict access to the table by using resource-based policies. Retrieve the API credentials at runtime by using the AWS SDK. Use the credentials to make the API call.

A developer is deploying a new application to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The developer needs to securely store and retrieve different types of variables. These variables include authentication information for a remote API, the URL for the API, and credentials. The authentication information and API URL must be available to all current and future deployed versions of the application across development, testing, and production environments. How should the developer retrieve the variables with the FEWEST application changes? Options: A. Update the application to retrieve the variables from AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Use unique paths in Parameter Store for each variable in each environment. Store the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager in each environment. B. Update the application to retrieve the variables from AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Store the API URL and credentials as unique keys for each environment. C. Update the application to retrieve the variables from an encrypted file that is stored with the application. Store the API URL and credentials in unique files for each environment. D. Update the application to retrieve the variables from each of the deployed environments. Define the authentication information and API URL in the ECS task definition as unique names during the deployment process.

A company is migrating legacy internal applications to AWS. Leadership wants to rewrite the internal employee directory to use native AWS services. A developer needs to create a solution for storing employee contact details and high-resolution photos for use with the new application. Which solution will enable the search and retrieval of each employee's individual details and high-resolution photos using AWS APIs? Options: A. Encode each employee's contact information and photos using Base64. Store the information in an Amazon DynamoDB table using a sort key. B. Store each employee's contact information in an Amazon DynamoDB table along with the object keys for the photos stored in Amazon S3. C. Use Amazon Cognito user pools to implement the employee directory in a fully managed software-as-a-service (SaaS) method. D. Store employee contact information in an Amazon RDS DB instance with the photos stored in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS).

A developer is creating an application that will give users the ability to store photos from their cellphones in the cloud. The application needs to support tens of thousands of users. The application uses an Amazon API Gateway REST API that is integrated with AWS Lambda functions to process the photos. The application stores details about the photos in Amazon DynamoDB. Users need to create an account to access the application. In the application, users must be able to upload photos and retrieve previously uploaded photos. The photos will range in size from 300 KB to 5 MB. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? Options: A. Use Amazon Cognito user pools to manage user accounts. Create an Amazon Cognito user pool authorizer in API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos and details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos directly from the DynamoDB table. B. Use Amazon Cognito user pools to manage user accounts. Create an Amazon Cognito user pool authorizer in API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object's S3 key as part of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key. C. Create an IAM user for each user of the application during the sign-up process. Use IAM authentication to access the API Gateway API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object's S3 key as part of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key. D. Create a users table in DynamoDB. Use the table to manage user accounts. Create a Lambda authorizer that validates user credentials against the users table. Integrate the Lambda authorizer with API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object's S3 key as par of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key.

A company receives food orders from multiple partners. The company has a microservices application that uses Amazon API Gateway APIs with AWS Lambda integration. Each partner sends orders by calling a customized API that is exposed through API Gateway. The API call invokes a shared Lambda function to process the orders. Partners need to be notified after the Lambda function processes the orders. Each partner must receive updates for only the partner's own orders. The company wants to add new partners in the future with the fewest code changes possible. Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST scalable way? Options: A. Create a different Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic for each partner. Configure the Lambda function to publish messages for each partner to the partner's SNS topic. B. Create a different Lambda function for each partner. Configure the Lambda function to notify each partner's service endpoint directly. C. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure the Lambda function to publish messages with specific attributes to the SNS topic. Subscribe each partner to the SNS topic. Apply the appropriate filter policy to the topic subscriptions. D. Create one Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe all partners to the SNS topic.

A financial company must store original customer records for 10 years for legal reasons. A complete record contains personally identifiable information (PII). According to local regulations, PII is available to only certain people in the company and must not be shared with third parties. The company needs to make the records available to third-party organizations for statistical analysis without sharing the PII. A developer wants to store the original immutable record in Amazon S3. Depending on who accesses the S3 document, the document should be returned as is or with all the PII removed. The developer has written an AWS Lambda function to remove the PII from the document. The function is named removePii. What should the developer do so that the company can meet the PII requirements while maintaining only one copy of the document? Options: A. Set up an S3 event notification that invokes the removePii function when an S3 GET request is made. Call Amazon S3 by using a GET request to access the object without PII. B. Set up an S3 event notification that invokes the removePii function when an S3 PUT request is made. Call Amazon S3 by using a PUT request to access the object without PII. C. Create an S3 Object Lambda access point from the S3 console. Select the removePii function. Use S3 Access Points to access the object without PII. D. Create an S3 access point from the S3 console. Use the access point name to call the GetObjectLegalHold S3 API function. Pass in the removePii function name to access the object without PII.

A developer is deploying an AWS Lambda function The developer wants the ability to return to older versions of the function quickly and seamlessly. How can the developer achieve this goal with the LEAST operational overhead? Options: A. Use AWS OpsWorks to perform blue/green deployments. B. Use a function alias with different versions. C. Maintain deployment packages for older versions in Amazon S3. D. Use AWS CodePipeline for deployments and rollbacks.

A developer has written an AWS Lambda function. The function is CPU-bound. The developer wants to ensure that the function returns responses quickly. How can the developer improve the function's performance? Options: A. Increase the function's CPU core count. B. Increase the function's memory. C. Increase the function's reserved concurrency. D. Increase the function's timeout.

For a deployment using AWS Code Deploy, what is the run order of the hooks for in-place deployments? Options: A. BeforeInstall -> ApplicationStop -> ApplicationStart -> AfterInstall B. ApplicationStop -> BeforeInstall -> AfterInstall -> ApplicationStart C. BeforeInstall -> ApplicationStop -> ValidateService -> ApplicationStart D. ApplicationStop -> BeforeInstall -> ValidateService -> ApplicationStart

A company is building a serverless application on AWS. The application uses an AWS Lambda function to process customer orders 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Lambda function calls an external vendor's HTTP API to process payments. During load tests, a developer discovers that the external vendor payment processing API occasionally times out and returns errors. The company expects that some payment processing API calls will return errors. The company wants the support team to receive notifications in near real time only when the payment processing external API error rate exceed 5% of the total number of transactions in an hour. Developers need to use an existing Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that is configured to notify the support team. Which solution will meet these requirements? Options: A. Write the results of payment processing API calls to Amazon CloudWatch. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the CloudWatch logs. Schedule the Lambda function to check the CloudWatch logs and notify the existing SNS topic. B. Publish custom metrics to CloudWatch that record the failures of the external payment processing API calls. Configure a CloudWatch alarm to notify the existing SNS topic when error rate exceeds the specified rate. C. Publish the results of the external payment processing API calls to a new Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the support team members to the new SNS topic. D. Write the results of the external payment processing API calls to Amazon S3. Schedule an Amazon Athena query to run at regular intervals. Configure Athena to send notifications to the existing SNS topic when the error rate exceeds the specified rate.

A company is offering APIs as a service over the internet to provide unauthenticated read access to statistical information that is updated daily. The company uses Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda to develop the APIs. The service has become popular, and the company wants to enhance the responsiveness of the APIs. Which action can help the company achieve this goal? Options: A. Enable API caching in API Gateway. B. Configure API Gateway to use an interface VPC endpoint. C. Enable cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) for the APIs. D. Configure usage plans and API keys in API Gateway.

A developer wants to store information about movies. Each movie has a title, release year, and genre. The movie information also can include additional properties about the cast and production crew. This additional information is inconsistent across movies. For example, one movie might have an assistant director, and another movie might have an animal trainer. The developer needs to implement a solution to support the following use cases: For a given title and release year, get all details about the movie that has that title and release year. For a given title, get all details about all movies that have that title. For a given genre, get all details about all movies in that genre. Which data store configuration will meet these requirements? Options: A. Create an Amazon DynamoDB table. Configure the table with a primary key that consists of the title as the partition key and the release year as the sort key. Create a global secondary index that uses the genre as the partition key and the title as the sort key. B. Create an Amazon DynamoDB table. Configure the table with a primary key that consists of the genre as the partition key and the release year as the sort key. Create a global secondary index that uses the title as the partition key. C. On an Amazon RDS DB instance, create a table that contains columns for title, release year, and genre. Configure the title as the primary key. D. On an Amazon RDS DB instance, create a table where the primary key is the title and all other data is encoded into JSON format as one additional column.